Honest Tea free essay sample

Take the deal, because Good for You can use Kraft to have a greater impact. d. Take the deal, because Good for You will see a profits increase. -Answer (c) Part Two please answer the following discussion questions – You can also visit Honest Tea website http://www. honesttea. com/ for additional information. 6. Honest Tea President Seth Goldman calls social responsibility a â€Å"mission-driven business. † What does he mean by this? -He means that the social responsibility is actually what they are trying to do (mission) and how well they are pursuing that goal. 7. In what ways does the Honest Tea brand claim to effect change? Are such goals too high for a drinks-related product? Or should all companies create similar platforms as part of their social responsibility? -By claiming to offer more organic products and wanting to expand into 100,000 outlets. I don’t think that there goals are too high since they were able to expand their product by accepting an investment from Coca-Cola to expand their production and distribution. We will write a custom essay sample on Honest Tea or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 8. According to Goldman, what are the benefits of taking a company through Fair Trade certification? Fair Trade certification allowed people to identify  Honest tea products as they meet agreed environmental, labour and developmental standards. 9. How effective and/or efficient Honest Tea’s methods are, and what methods you might imitate or disregard, should you start your own companies. -Honest tea were using glass bottles which was making them less fuel efficient to ship (disregard). -Offers better quality health-products for consumers (imitate). 10. Compare Honest Tea with Snapple Tea (Dr. Pepper Snapple Group), which corporation do you think is more socially responsible and why? (You can Google â€Å"Snapple CSR† for more information). -I think Honest tea is more socially responsible since they use all organic products compared to Snapple, which makes it a more healthier drinks for its consumers. Also, Honest Tea purchases peppermint leaves for its â€Å"First Nation Peppermint† ice tea from a woman-owned herb company on the Crow Indian reservation in Montana where the unemployment rate is as high as 67%.

Micro Assignment Essay

Micro Assignment Essay Micro Assignment Essay Question 1 A) POINT ONE P1=$2.26 Q1=620.82 The price elasticity of demand using the midpoint method can be calculated with the following equation: = (Q2-Q1)/ ((Q2+Q1)/2) (P2-P1)/ ((P2+P1)/2) Using the values given, the equation is as follows: = (580270-620820)/ ((580270+620820)/2) ($3.39-$2.26)/ (($3.39+$2.26)/2) = 0.06752200084923 40 This shows that the price elasticity of demand for Metlink train tickets is: = 0.16880500212308 B) From the figures provided, we can see that as the price of the train ticket rises, the quantity demanded falls. This follows the law of demand meaning that train tickets are a normal good, as opposed to a giffen good that goes against the law of demand. Due to the elastic figure being less than 1 we can draw the conclusion that train tickets are inelastic. This means there is a relatively small change in the quantity demand despite a change n price. This also suggests that Metlink train tickets are a necessity opposed to a luxury. Question 2 Although previous national studies showed video rentals as being inelastic new evidence from a video store contradicts these results. The manager at the store increased their price expecting a rise in their profit, but in fact the increased price had the opposite effect. This is because although the video rental demand had previously been shown to be inelastic time had past. In the time that had past the ability of the renters to substitute renting video had changed. With new technology it is now easy to download movies thus creating less demand for renting them. Due to new revolutions the demand curve would now become elastic so the demand curve has flattened out. This means because the price has been raised by 20% the demand for video rentals will reduce proving it harder to rent out videos. Revenue will decrease due to lower sales and although being at a higher price it does not match previous years income. This is represented in the following graph: Question 3 A) i) In the short term, if scientists discovered that eating soybeans prevents cancer and heart disease this would shift the demand curve to the right. As a result the quantity demand rises due to consumers hearing that soybeans are good for your health. This increases the equilibrium price and quantity, because there is no shift in the supply curve so the equilibrium point moves to the right with the demand curve. This is represented in the following graph: In the long run if scientists discovered that soybeans prevents cancer and heart disease this would shift the demand curve to the right. As a result the suppliers would be more willing to increase supplies because of the money they will receive for the more goods they produce. This shifts the supply curve to the right. The increase in supply decreases the equilibrium price but increases the demand. This is represented in the following graph: ii) With the increase in the supply in soybeans the space for the feed corn to grow is reduced. Thus there would a shift in the supply curve to the left. This would mean a shift in the equilibrium price would rise. Thus feed corn would be selling for a higher price but the demand would be less. This is represented in the following graph: B) i) The effect that nylon being invented would have on the domestic cotton industry is that the demand for cotton will decrease, shifting the demand curve to the left. Due to nylon being a substation for cotton. Thus the equilibrium price and supply will decrease. Meaning the sale of cotton will reduce which will in turn force suppliers to decrease the price of cotton. This is represented in the following graph: ii) The effect the cotton gin being invented would have on the domestic cotton industry is that the supply curve would shift to the right due

Newcastle College international strategies and beyond with respect to Essay

Newcastle College international strategies and beyond with respect to India - Essay Example the validity of the hypothesis that the marketing strategy that has been most lucrative in the case of New Castle College in India has been one that is distinct from one that New Castle College generally employs and has been tailored for the Indian consumers. Over time, numerous colleges based in the United Kingdom have established their campuses in the Asian region (Cornuel 2005). Most notable of these ventures have been those that have been established in developing counties such as India where ventures such as these are being welcomed by local and federal governments (Aggarwal 1982). However, these colleges have observed that there is a stark difference between the marketing strategy that they use in the United Kingdom and the one that they should use in India (Trade and Industry Committee, Great Britain Parliament and House of Commons 2006). This difference has been attributed to the trends towards education that are found in the Indian populace. It is for the same reason that this paper shall use the case of the Indian campus of New Castle College and shall highlight the marketing strategy that New Castle College adopted in India in order to gain a better understanding of the same fact. The paper shall take advantage of publications such as Imagining Marketing: Art, Aesthetics, and the Avant-garde by Brown and Patterson, Geography of marketing and commercial activities in India: documentation on research information by Dixit, International Marketing Strategy: Analysis, Development and Implementation by Doole and Lowe, Marketing across cultures in Asia by Gestelanda and Seyk, Marketing library and information services: international perspectives by Gupta and other similar publications. A complete list of readings that will be used in the research can be found in the suggested readings list at the end of this research proposal. The research shall initiate by considering literature that pertains to the marketing of academic institutions in foreign regions

Innovative Enviroment at Strbucks Coffee Research Paper

Innovative Enviroment at Strbucks Coffee - Research Paper Example Also, I find it appropriate to place label printers at the bar for baristas to put on drinks because it is difficult to make a prediction of eventualities in the coffee business or requirements that may arise. The inability to make a forecast of the market is a prominent feature of any starting or growing organization (Barney, 1991). It may also give the organization an edge over rivals because little or no companies have made this discovery. Question 2 This would be a regular innovation. This is because it entails modification that exploits well-known production and technical expertise and is put into operation to clients and a market that is in existence. The impact of this innovation is to establish resources and skills that are in use. Even if, this change may be deemed small, the final impact may go beyond the intended purpose of the innovation. Regular innovation, for example, placing label printers at the bar for baristas to put on drinks, may have an enormous impact on the fe atures of the products and as a consequence work to intensify proficiency relations to the market and clients, and production (Barney, 1991). Â  Question 3 The organization would employ the emergent strategy to implement and plan. Emergent strategy entails recognizing results that are unexpected from the implementation of the organization’s strategy and then ascertaining to incorporate the unexpected results to future organizational ideas. In addition, emergent strategy is caused by an increased decision making that will lead to a level of steadiness over a period. The organization’s decision will have probable strategic effect. Moreover, emergent strategy is deemed more upcoming and flexible than deliberate strategy. Emergent strategy is also perceived to be a technique of finding out while the organization is in operation. Emergent strategy grows over time and gives the organization the opportunity to find out if the innovation is profitable or unproductive (Warren, 2002). Question 4 This strategy is essential to the progression of the organization’s innovation and technology on offer to the market. This innovation stands out from the ones being offered by rivals. This strategy helps to attain a product enhancement that helps the organization to lead the coffee market. The strategy also has an unexpected advantage. Emergent strategy will assist the organization to develop an idea that has not been created by competitors in the market, for example, placing label printers at the bar for baristas to put on drinks is not used by many companies. This gives the organization an advantage over other organizations. A weakness is that the strategy can be planned inefficiently and lead to a damage of the structure. The strategy gives the organization an opportunity to intensify proficiency relations to the market and clients, and production and lead the coffee market (Warren, 2002). Nonetheless, it has a threat of producing unforeseen challenges t o the organization if not properly implemented. Question 5 I would consider clarifying the purpose, including the appropriate people, and a charter. Clarifying the purpose entails sharing rewards, resources, and risks and sharing responsibility. Including appropriate people entails working with less people who can complete the work well. Few people ease allocation of duties and ensure commitment. A charter will highlight the guidelines of collaboration. It will be essential for making decisions and leadership (Sterman, 2000). Question 5 The

Overview Of The Tangshan Earthquake History Essay

Overview Of The Tangshan Earthquake History Essay It is important to develop some general knowledge what causes earthquakes, in order to gain a better understanding about the Tangshan event. Earths crust is broken into major tectonic plates that move towards and away from each other in different directions. Debated driving forces behind this movement includes Earths rotation, gravity related forces and mantle dynamics. Generally, it is accepted that tectonic plates are able to move because of the relative density of oceanic lithosphere and the relative weakness of the asthenosphere. While these plates are moving, they can collide or slide past each other creating high energy phenomena such as volcanoes and earthquakes. Specific to earthquakes, the edge of one plate is forced under another. This process is called subduction and results in intense vibrations in Earths crust. More specifically to Northeast China, the tectonic environment is driven by collisions between the Indian and Asian plates, and Pacific and Asian plates. An important component of the Tangshan earthquake is the role of an extensive strike-slip fault system, known as Tancheng-Lujiang, or Tan-Lu. This system extends in a north-northeast direction for more than 3,200 miles from the north bank of the Yangtze River in eastern China to the west across the Russian border. It is an intertwined zone of faults 5000km long and 1000km wide, neighbored by other sub-faults. These collectively played a significant part in what resulted in the Tangshan earthquake. In fact, the Tangshan earthquake sequence has been explained as the result of sequential ruptures of the Tangshan fault produced by NNE extensive faulting and associated NE-SW regional compression. The earthquake sequence then initiated at the bending region (near Tangshan City) due to continued tectonic stress that had been increasing for a long time. The relationship between the rupture geometries of the Tangshan earthquake sequence and the regional compression stresses. The Tangshan Event Pre-cursors Earthquakes have occurred in the surrounding area in the past, including 22 earthquakes of magnitude 4.75 or greater since 1485. Despite these previous activities, there were no foreshocks or clear precursory phenomenon prior to the Tangshan earthquake. However, there had been a series of abnormal signals observed in the regions of Beijing, Tianjin, Tangshan, Bohai and Zhangjiakou. Tangshan indicated that there was a consistent drop in the pumping rate (and hence groundwater levels) in the years before the event with a sharp increase in the days prior to the earthquake. Additionally, survivors interviewed following the earthquake noted that well water levels changed abruptly in the hours before the event e.g. with rises of over a meter in at least on village in the region. There was also strange animal behavior reported, including city dwellers from the downtown area who had fish discovered that the fish were restless, jumping out of the aquarium as if wanting to escape. Unfortunate ly the anomalous precursory phenomena were widely scattered and inconclusive. The main quake The main quake struck Tangshan at 3:42 am on July 28, 1976, and lasted approximately 23 seconds. This short lived quake was at an intensity of XI (out of XII), according to the State Seismological Bureau report, with a magnitude of 7.5 on the Richter magnitude scale. Although the epicenter was located in the city of Tangshan, the earthquake was felt in fourteen provinces of China, and as far as Xian, in Beijing and in Tientsin. The stress of the Tangshan quake was caused by the compression along the plate boundaries of the Indian and Asian plates, as well as the compression along the boundaries of the Pacific and Asian plates. The quake ruptured a five-mile (8 km) section of a 25-mile long fault that passes through the city Tangshan. In addition, along the west side the ground moved laterally for about five feet, in a north/northeast direction sub parallel to the major axis of the meizoseismic zone with some areas with horizontal ground displacements of up to 7 meters. On the eastern side of the rupture, the ground block tipped upward near the south end and downward at the northern end. Although the earthquake was a shallow focal depth of 15 kilometers, it created both horizontal and vertical movement, causing the ground to rent apart by several feet, cave in to form craters, previously flat agricultural land being undulated, and soil liquefaction. Aftershocks Following the main earthquake, the many aftershocks also had devastating effects. There were two major aftershocks which caused additional damage to the region. On July 28, 1976 at 6:45 pm local time an Mw 7.0 earthquake struck, centered in Shangjialin Luanxian to the northeast of Tangshan. This caused 50 km (31 mi) rupture along the Luanxian-Laoting fault. The second major aftershock of Mw 6.4 struck on November 15, 1976 at 9:53 pm local time, centered south of Lutai to the southwest of Tangshan. This aftershock ruptured 20 km (12 mi) of the Jing Canal fault. In all, over 850 aftershocks occurred through the end of 1978 and were distributed throughout an area approximately 140 km (87 mi) in length and 50 km (31 mi) in width along a northeast trend, indicating the Tangshan fault as the main fault rupture. Destruction and Casualties The destruction of the earthquake included 242,400 deaths; 164,600 people severely wounded; 3,800 people disabled; 360,000 people suffering minor injuries; and various damages to residential areas, industrial areas, roads, railways and sewage systems. Here, the report will examine what effects the earthquake had on infrastructure and casualties. Infrastructure Before the 1976 earthquake, scientists did not believe Tangshan was susceptible to a large earthquake. Thus, the seismic design code for the area was zoned an intensity level of VI and the buildings in Tangshan were not built to withstand such a large earthquake. Furthermore, the city of Tangshan is located in the center of an area surrounded with major faults, where many of its structures had been built on unstable, alluvial soils. The 7.8 earthquake that hit Tangshan was given an intensity level of XI and left hundreds of thousands of buildings destroyed. The infrastructure damage affected many different areas. Ninety-three percent of residential buildings and 78 percent of industrial buildings were completely destroyed. Eighty percent of the water pumping stations and fourteen percent of the sewage pipes were seriously damaged. In addition, the foundations of bridges gave way, bridges collapsed, railroad lines bent, closed roads were covered with debris, highway bridges and at least two dams collapsed, all telephone and radio communications systems stopped functioning and almost all of the irrigation wells became inoperative. The seismic waves of the earthquake spread the damage to various regions, such as Qinhuangdao and Tianjin, and a few buildings as far away as Beijing. As was the case in Tangshan city, earthquake resistance was not generally considered in the design of buildings in these other regions. Newer buildings with seismic capacity and any buildings strengthened after the 1975 Haicheng Earthquake performed much better during the Tangshan Earthquake than those designed without seismic design considerations. Casualty Along with infrastructure damage, there were devastating amounts of casualties. As mentioned earlier, the earthquake struck just before 4 am, when many people were asleep and unprepared. Before the earthquake, the total population of Tangshan city was approximately 1.2 million, with 2 million within 40 km (25 mi) of the epicenter. As mentioned earlier, the official death count from the earthquake was 242,400; however, other sources have cited the death toll to be as high as 655,000 to 779,000 people. Contributing to the high number of casualties was the structure of residential buildings. Most residential structures in Tangshan and surrounding rural regions consisted of older, single-story brick or stone wall homes with only few newer multi-story brick apartment buildings built in the 1960s. Due to this structure, many buildings collapsed because of the lack of proper connections between the walls and roof, as did many reinforced concrete and masonry industrial buildings with heavy roofs, weighing as much as 400 kg (890 lbs). Finally, another contributing factor to the high death toll was the density of buildings and population in Tangshan city being extremely high. This concentration contributed to the seriousness of the loss in particular because the source of the earthquake was directly beneath the city. Relief Response The earthquake disaster required both short-term and long-term response. To begin, the Chinese government refused to accept international aid from the United Nations, and insisted on self reliance. This required rescue workers accompanied by appropriate equipment in order to rescue people from the collapsed buildings, as well as a pre-established plan to coordinate the effort, which was made difficult since vehicular traffic brought the few clear streets to a standstill. Also, since most of the population lost their homes due to the infrastructure destruction, there was a great need for temporary shelters. Clearing of the debris did not begin in earnest until September 1981, leaving the vast majority of the population not being able to live in permanent housing until 1985. In addition, there was the need for long-term strategic planning. Much of this had to do with future design codes for the city. The Tangshan Earthquake led to a major update to the seismic design code, released in 1978. The study of the Tangshan Earthquake and its tectonic setting also resulted in the reclassification of hazard zonation of the Hebei province (particularly the Tangshan region). Updates to the code included performance criteria increases with the raising of expected ground shaking intensity, introduction of a new understanding of how the liquefaction of underlying soils impacts building foundations, and the inclusion of increased vertical forces from seismic loads good building practice from the collapsed buildings in Tangshan. The earthquake also highlighted the requirement for redundancy in the provision of lifelines, accompanied by the assessment of the appropriate design standards to guarantee the minimum necessary function of roads, bridges, or utility supplies wh ich were greatly affected by the earthquake. The relief responses resulting from the Tangshan Earthquake created the opportunity to build and incorporate increased earthquake resistance for future seismic events. Moreover, the layout of the city was planned to reduce both the number of casualties and injured, in addition to increasing the efficacy of emergency relief and disaster rehabilitation. The 2008 Sichuan earthquake had the same measurement on the Richter scale at 8.0 in magnitude. It, however, occurred in a mountainous region where relief efforts were noticeably hampered by the geographical makeup of the land nearby. The Sichuan earthquake also had a much quicker and more organized response system than Tangshan, as the political, social and technological environment was different. Discussion Conclusion In summary, this report has presented many important concepts to gain an understanding about the Tangshan Earthquake. It has examined the underlying driving forces, such as the Tancheng-Lujiang fault system and Tangshan fault; the various effects from the precursors, main quake, aftershocks; the destruction and casualties from the disaster, including factors that lead to an increased death toll and infrastructure damage; the relief response to the disaster and how it affected future earthquake responses; and a discussion of how amateur seismologists and professionals made predictions about the Tangshan Earthquake. Discussing these topics brings awareness on the importance of understanding natural disasters, and how a population can learn and prepare itself for future natural disasters.

Their Eyes Were Watching God Annotated

The MLA database returned 168 bibliographic entries containing the subject heading ‘Their Eyes Were Watching God. ’ In choosing which entries to include in this annotated bibliography, my objective was to represent as many interpretive approaches to the text as possible in order to illustrate the exponential expansion in the scope of Hurston studies in recent years.Also, because of the condensed time frame of this class, I only reviewed items that are available to UAH students on campus or online, although this criterion excluded several significant critical responses to the novel. Unless otherwise noted, the full texts of all of the articles listed here can be retrieved via EBSCOhost. Ashe, Bertram D. â€Å"’Why Don't He Like My Hair? ’: Constructing African-American Standards of Beauty in Toni Morrison's Song of Solomon And Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God. † African American Review 29. (Winter 1995): 579-93. Because of the strong social pressure to conform to predefined notions of conventional (read European) beauty that the dominant culture exerts on all American women, Black women have historically been judged as attractive or unattractive according to the degree to which their facial features, hair, and skin color conform to European norms. In Their Eyes, although Hurston describes Janie as having light skin and long hair, Janie does not isolate herself from dark-skinned African Americans.Janie’s hair is linked to her self-esteem and her engagement in the community, and as such, it becomes the battleground of her struggles with Joe Starks. Janie’s choice of hairstyle after Starks’ death (â€Å"one thick braid swinging well below her waist†) can be interpreted as a phallic image that metaphorically refers to her newfound power and self-determination. Brogan, Jacqueline Vaught. â€Å"The Hurston/Walker/Vaughn Connection: Feminist Strategies in American Fiction. † Women's S tudies 28. 2 (1999): 185-201.In positing an interpretive framework for Elizabeth Vaughn’s 1990 novel, Many Things Have Happened Since He Died, Brogan discusses the relationship between Walker’s The Color Purple and Hurston’s Their Eyes. She notes that both novels have been criticized for failing as realistic fiction, both can be interpreted as romances in the vein of Shakespeare’s The Tempest and The Winter’s Tale, and both deal thematically with the ‘awakening’ of an abused female. Curren, Erik D. â€Å"Should Their Eyes Have Been Watching God? : Hurston's Use of Religious Experience and Gothic Horror. † African American Review 29. (Spring 1995): 17-26. Critics have not sufficiently accounted for the complexity of Their Eyes, and many analyses have followed Alice Walker’s contention that Janie is a depiction of â€Å"racial health. † A less biased reading of the text reveals much tragedy and horror that few critic al interpretations have addressed. The novel’s title refers to the incipient slave mentality of African Americans, demonstrated by the field hands’ reversion to enslaved patterns of behavior in the face of the hurricane. Paralleling the figurative system of Hurston’s Mules and Men, God is likened to a slavemaster in the Their Eyes.Hurston subverts gothic conventions in the service of affirming the importance of folklore. Davis, Rose Parkman. Zora Neale Hurston: An Annotated Bibliography and Reference Guide. Westport, CT: Greenwood P, 1997. This volume presents an excellently balanced and exhaustive compilation of Hurston scholarship through 1996. (Available in UAH Library Reference section; no circulation) Donlon, Jocelyn Hazelwood. â€Å"Porches: Stories: Power: Spatial and Racial Intersections in Faulkner and Hurston. † Journal of American Culture 19. 4 (Winter 1996): 95-111.The porch serves as the point of intersection for â€Å"spatial, social, and r acial† in Southern culture and literature, as exemplified by Hurtson’s Their Eyes and Faulkner’s Absalom! Absalom!. In Their Eyes, porches are equated with the formation of a community voice. Janie’s involuntary exile from the front porch of Starks’ store reflects her alienation from the community and her ensuing loneliness. Starks’ porches also function as a stage on which Janie is displayed. Janie’s life experiences ultimately transform porches from â€Å"dominating ‘places’ to authentic community ‘spaces. † duCille, Ann. â€Å"Stoning the Romance: Passion, Patriarchy, and the Modern Marriage Plot. † The Coupling Convention: Sex, Text and Tradition in Black Women’s Fiction. New York: Oxford UP, 1993. 110-142. This chapter discusses the treatment of marriage in Their Eyes and several other modernist texts by African American women writers. Although many interpretations of the novel agree that Th eir Eyes is largely focused on the issues of love, sex, and marriage, no critical consensus has been achieved as to Hurston’s feelings on these topics.Janie’s epiphanic orgasm under the pear tree is likened to the biblical creation story, with Janie’s act of kissing â€Å"shiftless† Johnny Taylor equated with original sin. Feminist readings of the text that view Their Eyes as a woman’s quest for and achievement of selfhood are problematic because both Janie and the narrator manifest their continued domination by â€Å"patriarchal ideology and romantic mythology† throughout the narrative. (Available in UAH library) Hattenhauer, Darryl. â€Å"Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God. † Explicator 50. 2 (Winter 1992): 111-3.Recent criticism of Their Eyes fails to consider the notion that Janie may be dying of rabies at the end of the novel, which is bolstered by the foreshadowing of her death that occurs throughout the text. Tea Cake bites Janie before he dies, and she seems not to have sought the treatment that eluded Tea Cake. Further, Janie’s shooting of Tea Cake cannot rightfully be termed self-defense in the legal term, since she could have escaped Tea Cake by running away. The imperfect, white-dominated judicial system is partially culpable for failing to recognize this. Haurykiewicz, Julie A. From Mules to Muliebrity: Speech and Silence in Their Eyes Were Watching God. † Southern Literary Journal 29. 2 (Spring 1997): 45-61. Hurston employs the recurrent mule theme in Their Eyes as a means of commenting â€Å"on the disparity between speech and silence in the life of Janie† and her emotional development. The process that occurs in the text is not that of moving from dependence to autonomy, as so many critics have asserted, but rather, a metamorphosis from mule to muliebrity (â€Å"’the state or condition of being a woman’ or possessing full womanly powers†).Significant t raits of mules that figure symbolically in Their Eyes are mules’ mixed parentage and resultant reproductive sterility, mules’ historical role as beasts of burden, and the stubbornness and unpredictability that often characterize mules’ disposition. Hurston depicts mules as subversive trickster figures in Mules and Men, and this association can be extended into Their Eyes. The lack of mule imagery in the second half of the book is simultaneous with Janie’s burgeoning ability to express herself in the community. Hubbard, Dolan. ’. . . Ah Said Ah'd Save De Text for You’: Recontextualizing the Sermon to Tell (Her)story in Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God. † African American Review 27. 2 (Summer 1993): 167-79. Janie uses techniques of religion-based oral expression to tell her story and valorize extant black culture, a position that was rare among other African American writers in the 1930s. Nanny’s statement to Janie about her own unfulfilled desire to preach is the impetus behind Janie’s narrative. Pheoby undergoes a ‘religious’ transformation in he end of the narrative, and she can be interpreted as Janie’s disciple. Johnson, Maria. â€Å"’The World in a Jug and the Stopper in [Her] Hand’: Their Eyes as Blues Performance. † African American Review 32. 3 (Fall 1998): 401-15. The aesthetic principles of blues shape Janie’s transformation in Their Eyes. Both thematically and structurally, the novel is similar to the songs that African American women like Bessie Smith popularized in the 1920s and 1930s. Blues songs of this era often used bee imagery to connote sexual intimacy and mule imagery to oppression.All of Janie’s love relationships function merely as the vehicle through which she attains selfhood; the men themselves are dispensable. Even Tea Cake can be seen as simply â€Å"a stanza in the blues song which Janie Ã¢â‚¬Ë œsings’ to Pheoby. † King, Sigrid. â€Å"Naming and Power in Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God. † Black American Literature Forum 24. 4 (Winter 1990): 683-97. The relationship between naming and power in African American culture and literature is clearly expressed in Their Eyes. Throughout Janie’s life, her voice and development of selfhood have been circumscribed by the names that others have imposed upon her.In the text, naming by others can usually be interpreted as exertion of power and domination. Janie’s transition to autonomy is paralleled by her willingness to rename herself and things around her. Unlike the â€Å"limiting and destructive† naming that characterized her previous relationships, the positive nature of her union with Tea Cake is expressed by their playful and positive use of language together. After Tea Cake’s death, Janie freely renames people and things in her environment, suggesting her fr eedom from the power-based system of naming that had silenced her.Kodat, Catherine Gunther. â€Å"Biting the Hand that Writes You: Southern African-American Folk Narrative and the Place of Women in Their Eyes Were Watching God. † Haunted Bodies: Gender and Southern Texts. Eds. Anne Goodwyn Jones and Susan V. Donaldson. Charlottesville: UP of Virginia, 1997. 319-42. The fact that Janie kills Tea Cake in Their Eyes has not received enough critical attention. Tea Cake’s bite can be interpreted as a manifestation of the tension between the quest for proto-feminist autonomy and the Southern black folk tradition Hurston uses as her mode of exposition in the text.The feminist political agenda has led to widespread resistance to the textual lack of support for characterizing Tea Cake’s and Janie’s union as ideal. Although Janie does gain an authentic voice at the end of the narrative, the inference that she had to trade her life for it problematizes the received interpretive matrix that figures the text as a successful quest for self. (Available in UAH Library) Lowe, John. â€Å"Laughin’ Up a World: Their Eyes Were Watching God and the (Wo)Man of Words. † Jump at the Sun:Zora Neale Hurston’s Cosmic Comedy.Chicago: U of Illinois P, 1994. 156-204. Janie is associated with Janus throughhout Their Eyes, both by being described as figuratively two-headed, looking backward and forward simultaneously, and being symbolically linked to liminal realms such as doors and thresholds. Through folk-based humor, Janie â€Å"magically transforms this communal energy into something constructive and uniting—her story. † As in many ethnic literatures, humor plays the role of â€Å"expand[ing] language† when ordinary methods of discourse are not sufficient to express the complexities of a situation. Available in UAH library) McGowan, Todd. â€Å"Liberation and Domination: Their Eyes Were Watching God and the Evolution of Capitalism. † MELUS 24. 1 (Spring 1999): 109-29. One element that accounts for the recent critical success of Their Eyes, which was met with mixed reviews by its contemporary critics, is the nascent poststructuralism of the text, most strongly evidenced in the emphasis on play and the decentering of binary systems of thought and language that parallel Janie’s transition to autonomous selfhood.However, recent poststructuralist readings of the novel have not taken into account the full import of Janie’s less-than-ideal relationship with Tea Cake, as well as his death at her hands. These elements of the novel equate liberation with submission, which can be likened to the type of heightened subjectivity that is a hallmark of capitalist society. Ultimately, Janie attains and then quashes her momentary realization that â€Å"in order to achieve freedom one must destroy that which refuses loss. † Racine, Maria J. Voice and Interiority in Zora Neale Hurston's T heir Eyes Were Watching God. † African American Review 28. 2 (Summer 1994): 283-93. Hurston’s use of free indirect discourse allows her to render fully the internal thought processes of those characters who have not yet achieved an external speaking voice, most notably, Janie. In a narrative that is focused thematically on the achievement of selfhood as emblematized by voice, this is a necessary narrative strategy. Rather than undermining Janie’s incipient voice, as Stepto and others have famously ontended, Janie’s strategic silence at her trial is a manifestation of the fusion of the voices of Janie and the narrator, heretofore distinct. Janie has assimilated the wisdom and insight of the narrator’s voice and she can now access it as she chooses. Sheppard, David M. â€Å"Living by Comparisons: Janie and her Discontents. † English Language Notes 30. 2 (December 1992): 63-76. A psychoanalytic reading of Their Eyes reveals the ‘Godâ€℠¢ of the book’s title to be a manifestation of a classic Freudian father figure.Hurston’s education during the years in which Freudianpsychoanalytic theory first became widely disseminated in the academy virtually assures her exposure to its tenets. Killicks, Starks, and Tea Cake are all manifestations of the controlling father figure conflated in the text with God. By opposition, Janie is forced into a suspended childhood that precludes her emotional development. Trombold, John. â€Å"The Minstrel Show Goes to the Great War: Zora Neale Hurston's Mass Cultural Other. † MELUS 24. 1 (Spring 1999): 85-108.Their Eyes can be read as emphasizing the importance of folk culture and oral tradition to the sustainment of Black culture, almost to the exclusion of all other factors. In later writings, she modifies this view to recenter Black oral tradition as the cultural heritage of the nation as a whole, as evidenced by her inclusion of white characters in her last publish ed novel. Walker, Alice. â€Å"Looking for Zora. † In Search of Our Mother’s Gardens: Womanist Prose. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1983. 93-116.

Nonpoint Source Pollution

Nonpoint source pollution is land runoff from drainage, rain, and seepage and hydraulic modification. It is caused by rain or snow melt that moves through and over the ground. When the runoff moves, it collects and picks up manmade and natural pollutants and ends up spilling into lakes, rivers, streams, and coastal waters. Nonpoint source pollution can include things like motor oil, toxic chemicals, animal droppings, trash and even insecticides. Our drinking water needs to be protected. It takes the help of the community, public water systems and resource managers.We can do small things such as posting signs in our community to let others know that any pollution in the area can contaminate our everyday drinking water. You can also be careful as to how much fertilizers and pesticides you use because the more you use, the more runs off when it rain and it is in the soil as well so when the rain washes the soil, it flows through storm drains. A great plan is to get a group together and help clean up along local rivers and streams and along side of the road.It helps to limit the trash and bacteria that contaminates our water. Other solutions to help prevent non point source pollution and help keep our water clean is to keep all harsh chemical substances stored away from the ground and in their original containers. Also, If you happen to wash your car, don’t allow the runoff to drain into the streets or the sewage system as it will contaminate it. Opposing views of these issues are perhaps people not agreeing to get up and go volunteer because they have better things to do.Some people see it that the city is supposed to take care of it. Some people won’t want to change the location of where they wash vehicles at. They all want convenience of course. Many people do not have proper inspections of their lawns that have been fertilized. They can be tested by professionals but people will oppose to because it will come with a fee, and others do not have the ir septic tanks cleaned out every few years because of the price as well.Non point source pollution also contributes to eutrophication which is runoff that has nitrogen and phosphate in it and it stimulates the growth of algae and it can harm and kills fish and organisms. The algae grow to make a mat over the water and on the floor of the water that diminishes the light through the water so it lowers the growth and productivity of other plants. â€Å"The water becomes depleted in oxygen. When the abundant algae die and decompose, much oxygen is consumed by those decomposers.Oxygen in the water is also lowered by the lack of primary production in the darkened, deeper waters. Lowered oxygen results in the death of fish that need high levels of dissolved oxygen such as trout, salmon and other desirable sport fish. The community composition of the water body changes, with fish that can tolerate low dissolved oxygen, such as carp predominating. As you can imagine, changes in fish commun ities have ramifications for the rest of the aquatic ecosystem as well, acting at least in part through changes in food webs. (Muir, P. 2009)Some challenges that my plan faces is that it’s not very easy to get others to partake in community service and to also notice the small things they do really contribute to non point source pollution in my community. It takes a group effort to raise awareness on this issue, but if everyone pulls together, our drinking water will be cleaner, our lakes ponds and rivers will be safer to swim and fish in and the plants and animals in the habitats of our waters will be safer and not endangered by our hazardous wastes.This plan effects the entire community and can become a very productive and positive way to protect our environment and ourselves. Our children drink the water we contaminate, even though it has passed through water treatments, it is still not clean enough to drink safely. We can also consider raising awareness groups and contact ing your local news stations to get the word out to your community and also have your coworkers get involved as well. References Muir, Patricia. Oct. 2009. Eutrophication. At people. oregonstate. edu